The Ferguson Riots And Racial Profiling Essay - 1701 Words

Social movements are an integral part of a cohesive and progressive society. Movements have been made throughout history and so it’s unsurprising that so many have occurred in the relatively short existence of the United States. One particular movement in current history is the Ferguson protests of 2014 that were marked by rioting in the streets of the small St. Louis suburb. These riots serve to show the significant unrest surrounding the way black people are treated in this country as well as to demonstrate that racism is still a very large problem in our society. The Ferguson riots were a product of a long period of discrimination towards and mistreatment of the black community in Ferguson and were ignited by the murder of a young black man named Michael Brown. Michael was shot and killed by a police officer who believed that the young man was a danger to his life. This is one of many of these killings that seem to be centered on racial profiling done by police officers, and fueled by the societal perception that black people (men, in particular) are inherently dangerous and usually armed. There has been case after case of police officers shooting innocent black men and women simply because the officers get scared and overreact. Police brutality towards people of color is something that desperately needs to be addressed so that we can prevent the continued loss of precious life. The protest in Ferguson lasted for several days or weeks at a time, recurring several timesShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality Of African Americans1405 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans has increased. This violence has resulted in riots across the United States. The August 2014 death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri many Americans, some who are former Civil Rights activists, have spoken out against police brutality. Black Lives Matter states that the movement’s goal is to bring justice to the present unjust police killings of African Americans. Looking at prior cases of brutality and its connection to racial profiling, such as the police shooting of Ronald Stokes in 1962Read MoreRacial Tensions By Dennis Prager922 Words   |  4 PagesLeft’s falsehood of ‘racial tensions’ is based on the actual behavior of the vast majority of white Americans, nothing white America can do will affect the perceptions of many black Americans or of the leftist libel.† This quote defends the idea that in most cases, the racial tension is one sided and without clear evidence. One of the most recent national conflicts deals with the shooting and killing of Michael Brown (a black man) by a white police officer (Holder Announces Ferguson Probe, Review ofRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects1173 Words   |  5 Pagesexample the Eric Garner case, Ferguson and many more. There were 382 fatalities reported relating to police brutality. It is violating someone s rights if police brutality is practiced. If police brutality happens, it is violating someone s eighth amendment Constitutional right regarding cruel and unusual punishment. American citizens are outraged by police misconduct and how police officers handle situations using too much excessive force, which can cause riots. Police brutality has been increasingRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States1465 Words   |  6 PagesRacial Profiling Racial Profiling is just what it is. Targeting individuals for suspicion of a violation determined by the individual’s race, ethnicity, religion or national origin. Race and location are the supreme characteristics law enforcement visually examine when engaging in this type of profiling. African-American males are the primary victims of racial profiling in the United States. The phrase â€Å"driving while black† derive from African Americans protesting that they are pulled over by policeRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Justice System994 Words   |  4 Pagesdescription. This behavior is referred to as racial profiling and it is killing, wrongfully accusing and creating division amongst the people and justice system. The justice system must redesign the policy and procedures, which relate to racial profiling, because it is not protecting the rights of the people, it is attacking them. Even though racial profiling has built walls between the people and the justice system, at the same time racial profiling has driven away unwanted terrorist’s attacks similarRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States1160 Words   |  5 Pagesby police and many other people for committing crimes. This is called racial profiling, and it is an issue going on around us. Some considers racial profiling a new phenomenon, and it is important to examine it because it is a foundational aspect of law and law enforcement in the United States. Glover in the book Racial Profiling: Research, Racism, and Resistance defines racial profiling in contemporary times â€Å"as the use of racial and or ethnic status as the determinant factor in decision to stop motoristRead MoreRacism : The Criminal Justice System1040 Words   |  5 PagesKing Jr. to Ferguson, Missouri. The path that racism takes is from old time’s point of view. The way to clear up racism in our criminal justice system is simple and easy. Americans need to fully understand the idea of equality. Second, police need to stop doing racial profiling. Finally, the criminal justice system needs to be kinder to different races. Americans need to abolish the idea that racism needs to be alive. The criminal justice system does still do a bit of racial profiling. First, americansRead MoreRacism in America: From Jim Crow to Trayvon Martin1758 Words   |  7 Pages Racism is an issue that has always troubled the United States since its beginning. From the time of slavery to the Jim Crow laws that followed the passing of the 13th Amendment; from the Civil Rights era to the Rodney King beating and subsequent riots in LA; from anger over apartheid in Africa to support of Nelson Mandela by Americans both black and white; from the shooting of Trayvon Martin to the acquittal of George Zimmerman every generation has had to confront the issue of race and racism. ThisRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States1560 Words   |  7 Pageslook suspicious. Whether the person is African American, Hispanic, Indian, or Muslim, racial profiling is wrong. With all of the recent controversy surrounding the problem, one would think that it would occur much less but that is not the case. Racial profiling has caused a recent uproar in America, and it has becom e the reason why many people have turned their backs on law enforcement for good. â€Å"Racial profiling is the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials targeting individuals forRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States2227 Words   |  9 Pagesshopping, either knowingly or unknowingly has been a victim of some type of racial profiling. People need to realize that racial profiling happens very often to innocent people that are targeted based on race and sometimes religion. Racial profiling can be defined as when an individual is stopped or detained because they are perceived to be more likely to be involved in some sort of criminal activity (Ward, 2002, 726). Racial profiling has been a huge issue in our society for many years especially for African

Global Warming s Terrifying New Math - 1151 Words

Thesis Development: In the article â€Å"Global Warming’s Terrifying New Math†, Bill McKibben opens by saying that back in 2012, according to the statistics, Canada surpassed the global record high for climate temperature, destroying other previous records. Despite the research and the displaying of data, no one is doing anything to address the issue. McKibben takes three distinctive numbers that shed light on this issue 2 degrees Celsius, 565 gigatons, and 2795 gigatons, to validate and support his argument. Firstly, the ongoing problem of climate change in our planet is fundamentally a matter of individual moral responsibility that is inspired by the understanding that individuals are deliberately harming the environment. Secondly there has not yet been an effective collective state response to the issue of global warming, despite almost two decades of ongoing and reoccurring negotiations and the near universal participation by states in the UNFCCC. Thirdly, because t his issue has been put on hold for longer than it was initially expected, greenhouse gases are being emitted into our atmosphere, polluting our environment. The South-North issue and an ongoing debate comes into effect as all the greenhouse gases that are created and used in the Northern hemisphere are being emitted into the southern hemisphere. Hence, my thesis is: Even though global warming and climate change has been a continuing ongoing global problem for many years, individuals and institutions have humanityShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding And Debating Environmental Issues2839 Words   |  12 PagesUnderstanding and Debating Environmental Issues Fall 2014 Instructor: Karen Ing Bhavroop Riar 1001542761 Introduction Global climate change has been an unresolved issue since the 1970’s. Despite the facts presented by scientists, the governments refuses to take action. It has been estimated that the global mean temperatures have already risen by 0.8 °C and the current amount of CO2 in the atmosphere will cause the temperature to rise by another 0.8 °C, whereas 2 °CRead MoreBook Review: This Changes Everything1681 Words   |  7 PagesBook Review: This Changes Everything, by Naomi Klein, published: Sept. 2014 Summarize the book. What is being discussed? Rob Nixon of the New York Times called Naomi Klein’s â€Å"This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate† â€Å"a book of such ambition and consequence that it is almost unreviewable.[1]† Naomi Klein researches the impact of Climate change and its relationship with free market capitalism. She discusses capitalism as failed economic system. She goes into great depth on theRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 PagesEDITION E S S AY S APPLICATION BUSINESS SCHOOL HARVARD SUCCESSFUL 65 ECSNS A IYI O N S SE O D ED T With Analysis by the Staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School Newspaper ST. MARTIN’S GRIFFIN NEW YORK 65 SUCCESSFUL HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL APPLICATION ESSAYS, SECOND EDITION. Copyright  © 2009 byThe Harbus News Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. For-information, address St. Martins Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y

Innovation Planning and Design Free Essays

The ever-changing marketplace in the business world imposes greatchallenges for the company to maintain stability, productivity andprofitability in the industry. In order to keep track on the competitiveenvironment, every company should develop innovation to acquirecompetitive advantage. However, acquiring just a competitive advantage willonly be for the meantime due to the fast development of technology, totalmodernization of the market and rapid changes of customer preferences. We will write a custom essay sample on Innovation Planning and Design or any similar topic only for you Order Now Innovators shall foresee these factors to combat with its competitors for it tobe successful, making innovation an essential factor for company growth. Innovations do vary in many aspects. It may take the risk of combiningdifferent types of innovation. Determining businesses whether they are mayresult to hiding their significant distinctions. The most importantcategorizations one may consider among the many developed are aclassification according to innovation type, the innovation degree and courseof sustainability (Zakic, Jovanovic, Stamatovic, 2008). Companies may decide which part of the businessdesign needsinnovatingsuch as products or processes or a combination of both. Single approach can be simple, less time consuming process compared to combinedapproach which is more involved, complicated and may be time consuming and requires substantial effort for it to be effective. Whatever process that is chosen, it will always create specialization which is advantageous to have specialized kind of innovation. Moderncompanies carefully apply options advised by experts that are suitable forits position and business model. Innovations shall be thoroughlyinvestigated and studied in order to achieve and meet the company’sobjective. Creating and developing their potentiality, designating theresources, and creating partnerships in accordance with this choice are vitalto success (Zakic, Jovanovic, Stamatovic, 2008). In varying options comes difference between processes and productsinnovation. To be able to establish successful innovative strategies andstrategic planning, understanding the differences and influence of differentfactor and its effect in business leadership structure is important. It is of utmost importance to explore all possible options to acquire different inputs. This process will ensure the verification of certain conclusion to helpleadership identify the appropriate method to innovation (Almirall Casadesus-Masanell, 2010). Innovation Systems Design Recent market concept on the business world has produced anuntamed environment. The company’s advantages do not last too long dueto tight competitions that never cease to advance and overcome the market. With these tight competitions, most businesses have created a sheer pricewar just to maintain and gain customers (Herrmann Gunter, 2004). It is therefore vital in the process for the companies to be aware of theefficient methods to design and use innovative efforts considering thesecurrent market situations. Remember that each product you serve in themarket, it goes with it your name. How customers perceive the product orservices is significant. Most customers often choose the products or servicesthat are appealing to their eyes. It also includes factors like product package,how the product is designed, and even POS system design. What messagesor ideas the product conveys to the customers are also factors. Image of thebrand and market share are determined by these factors. Discerning yourinnovative products and market perception to them is one important groundin determining business’ success (Herrmann Gunter, 2004). With the tight competition in the business industry, each companyattempts to beat its competitors. Businesses are set forinnovation, however, they often lack focus on innovating their marketing designtechniques. This lack of focus is the reason for short time competitiveadvantage. Recent research reveals that a number of small to medium sizedcompanies in the electronics industry have received governmentgrants in order to promote growth in innovative techniques and processes. Some of these were successful. However this implies that most innovativeprocesses manage to be only temporary solution as most small businessesare unable to continue long term innovative processes (Herrmann Gunter, 2004). Innovative processes have to be executed and followed accordingly. Those innovation grants were able to magnify thebusiness with growth to those companies involved. However, it did not result with an increase in profits and productivity. Foreseeing these circumstances,innovation systems show that the entire company should be nvolved in theprocess and utilizing your assets to fully maximize your potential in makinginnovative products and management styles (Herrmann Gunter, 2004). Steps to Innovative Process There certain steps needed during the innovative process when creating and implementing an innovation to any business. 1. Determine the Challenge: The start of innovation process isdetermining the challenge, problem, or goal that needs to be solved. 2. Teamwork: This step utilizes your intellectual assets wherein all partiesparticipate in a brainstorming event to discuss and debate how to fix theinnovation challenge. Combination: All of these ideas discussed in the brainstorming eventare summarized. 4. Assessment: The summary of all the ideas are evaluated and the bestsolution will be chosen by the business leaders with the relevant businessexperience. 5. Research and Development: The chosen solutions undergoes researchand development to determine whether the processes are attainable and willyield a result favorable to the company like increase in profits, businessexpansion and market share. 6. Implementation: Executing the ideas into the team and bring them toreality. . Review: Consider the data generated from the feedback, leadership,and business results regarding how the process was working. 8. Recycle: New challenges are imposed by the review. Consider thesechallenges and start again with the process (now Europe, 2009). For the business to maintain on top, the company shall be in acontinuous process of innovating to maintain creative, business and leadership innovation. This is so recommended considering how the global economic marketplace dances to the tune of tightcompetition. The innovation must be part of the business’s system toprevent unstable progress and share losses. To counter the ever-changingmarketplace and customer demand, innovation must remainconstant (Barsh, Capozzi, Davidson, 2008). Conclusion The concept of innovation hasbeen in the business system for centuries. However, today, it has become aprerequisite to business growth and prosperity. While in the past, a companydared to innovate just to make an edge to the industry, nowadays, it becamean essential factor in business design for the company to survive and profit. The company shall implement, maintain innovation, and make anenvironment that encourages innovation. The company’s workforce is avaluable asset to allowing their process to happen and the use of theseassets is beneficial to the process in various ways. This approach is sosignificant that even those business that have been in the around fordecades and reshaping theirfundamental principles and business values to create an innovativeenvironment. If a company desires to survive today’s market competition, it has to produce an innovation culture and use its assets to be competitive and maintain profitability. How to cite Innovation Planning and Design, Papers

Journal of Network Security and Application - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Journal of Network Security and Application. Answer: Introduction Background of the Research: Big data and cloud computing are two of the most advanced technologies that has evolved in the recent years. Big data is an effective way of managing large amount of data whereas cloud computing is the networking technology where data can be stored and accessed over the internet instead of hard drive of the users computer. Implementing big data technology in cloud computing network can boost a system. Big data analytics is one big advantage of using big data (Chen, Mao and Liu 2014). Combining the big data analytics with cloud can boost a business as it can make better analysis among the large amounts of data present in their system. Big data and cloud computing together is an ideal combination for a network. But there are several issues as well working with big data in cloud computing. Managing terabytes of data with the traditional way in big data is a big issue of big data in cloud computing (Albugmi et al. 2016). There are many security issues as well while dealing with big data. Over the world, almost 40 % of the businesses are experiencing ransomware attack. This research paper illustrates the concept of cloud computing and big data. This research paper also discusses all such issues and challenges that are related to big data in cloud computing. Some of the security challenges as well are elaborated briefly in this paper and how the combination of big data and cloud computing can be improved in future. Aim and Objective of this Research The main aims and objectives of this research are as follows: Find out the challenges of using big data in cloud computing. Summarize the relationship between big data in cloud computing. Analyze some solutions to mitigate the issues of big data. Analyze the future scopes of big data in cloud computing. Research Questions The questions that are associated with this research paper are as follows: What is the relationship between big data and cloud computing? What are the challenges of big data implementation in cloud computing? What are the security issues with big data? What are the solutions to mitigate the issues? What are the future scopes of using big data with cloud computing? Problem Statement Implementing big data in cloud computing have some loopholes like security and privacy issues. The effective management of such huge amount of data may create a lot of issues for cloud network providers. The velocities and different varieties of data can be very difficult to store and maintain which might create huge problems for the users. Moreover transferring such enormous volume of data into cloud network can take a long time and can be unsafe which can result in data loss and data breach. Literature Review Introduction According to Dagade et al. (2015), the big data is considered as the main innovation force that comes across the corporations and the academics. It is very important to understand the insights that are from the big datasets that provides information over data loads. The concept of big data and cloud computing is a hot topic in this digitization era and is considered to be very popular in the coming years. Big data stores as well as processes huge amount of scientific datasets. Big data as stated by Khoshkholghi et al. (2014), is a technology that helps in managing data that is too large, diversified, and fast changing. With increase in volume of data in almost all the organization, it has become very difficult to manage these data in real time (Fernndez et al. 2014). Using big data helps the organization to improve their customer satisfaction by adding product preference according to their past preferences; it adds more security in preventing cybercrimes and so on. (Peng et al. 2015) stated that Cloud computing is a service provided to the users, where the software and applications of the users system are maintained by some third party vendors through internet. Introduction of cloud computing has benefited a lot for accessing and managing applications through internet (Chandrasekaran 2014). It provides a facility of pay-as-you-go model which is very useful for the users (Hsu, Ray and Li-Hsieh 2014). It has cut down the cost of installing and managing software and applications, has reduced the time needed to access these software and finally security of data has been enhanced. Big data in cloud computing solves many issues that are related to data of high volumes. But, there are some issues as well that are related to big data analysis. Amount of data keeps on growing day by day keeping all the data cost-ineffective. There should be policies created by organizations (Rittinghouse and Ransome 2016). Big data does not have such policies and expiration date of the data governance. Lots of data are involved in big data with cloud computing that comes from different sources. The issues that arise in big data are the problem of heterogeneity. Another challenge that big data in cloud computing face is the security issue which is one of the most important issues related to big data. When data are uploaded on the cloud in an organization, there come many issues regarding the security of the data (Yigit, Gungor and Baktir 2014). There should be some agreements to mitigate these security issues. The third issue that is related with big data is the privacy of keeping the data safe. Relationship between Cloud Computing and Big Data Big data exploits shared storage technology located on cloud computing network instead of using local storage which is attached with a system. Big data interpretation is directed by cloud network applications which are developed using virtual technologies (Jagadish et al. 2014). In short, cloud computing help as service model for big data technology along with providing facilities for its processing and computing. The cloud computing network can be an efficient stage for addressing the storage of data needed to start functioning of big data analysis (Jin et al. 2015). Cloud computing network is referred as a new system for arranging the infrastructure for computing and big data application method for all resource present in the cloud by analyzing data. But most of the cloud networks need to adjust with the big data technology for its complicated process of implementation. Example of using big data in cloud networking are MapReduce, Bollier and Miller (Li et al. 2014). Despite of incr easing demand of using big data and cloud computing technology together, but using these can put the companies in some risks and dangers. Big Data Issues2.3.1 Security Issues There are many security issues that are involved in big data. Data are uploaded in the cloud by organizations. There should be security given to the data that are used in the cloud of the organization. There should be questions regarding the data like the real user of the data, where the data is saved, and the persons who have access to the data (Hashem et al. 2015). Security is considered as one of the most important aspect of big data. The clients of the cloud provider upload their data in the cloud for keeping the data safe in the cloud. If there is no security given to the data, then no businesses will depend on the cloud provider for data storage. Privacy Issues There should always be a privacy regarding the data that are stored in the cloud. Storing a large number of data in the cloud alerts the privacy of the data that are stored. There are several privacy concerns that are related with the big data. Protecting the data and ensuring the data security is very difficult for the cloud provider (Inukollu, Arsi and Ravuri 2014). The data that are analyzed in the cloud are mainly the medical records, records of supermarkets, energy consumption, and many more. The information that is stored in cloud is mainly exposed to raising concerns regarding profiling, exclusion and loss of control over the data. Even if the data are anonymized, the data can still be re-identified and also attributed to specific individuals (Assuno et al. 2015). The data protection laws and the privacy data laws are improvised on the information and also on the principles of data and the main purpose for the limitation and minimization the data that are being collected for t he privacy of the data. There should be improvement on the privacy of the system because the cloud store huge amount of data every day. Heterogeneity There are big amount of data that are stored in big data of the cloud. All the data that are stored usually has different velocities. The data that arrives mainly comes at different rates depending on the rate of output and the network latency (Puthal et al. 2015). The data are also of different variety. Heterogeneous amount of data comes from different autonomous sources. The major aspect of characteristics of big data is the variety. Data that comes to the DBMS of the cloud mainly has different formats and velocities (Lu et al. 2014). All the collectors of data uses different schema or protocols for recording the data. To deal with such different kinds of data is a very difficult task for the system of big data. The privacy issue should be solved by the cloud provider of big data. Data Governance The hardware that is needed to store the data is much low cost, but the cost of Data Base Management System (DBMS) of big data is not as low cost as of the hardware of the big data storage. There is a cost of infrastructure maintenance of the system, software license, and energy. All the expenses together form a large amount of money for implementing the big data in cloud computing (Bahrami and Singhal 2015). So, the data governance created some policies which mainly define the time that the data will be viable in the system. The organizations should enable the practices and the policies about how to maintain the data in the cloud. There are structural practices, operational practices, and relational practices that are done by the companies to mitigate the issues. Other Problems There are other problems as well that challenges big data of cloud computing. There is a big issue in transferring the data on the cloud. The transferring process is too slow. The organizations have to select physical hard drives to make the process fast. Another problem is exaflop computing. All the systems in this time can deal with petabytes of data. There are lots of concerns in dealing with exabyte of datasets. To analyze Exabyte of data, the cloud needs to be much improved and analyzing should be done to mitigate those problems. The cloud should be elastic and scalable so that the organizations feel flexible to deal with the data in cloud. Research Methodology Data collection method: It is the method for collecting and measuring data captured from sources which are reliable in a systematic manner. The primary data will be collected from surveying the organizations in Australia who have implemented big data on their cloud network and further the cloud provider will be surveyed who have implemented big data of the users in their cloud network. More data will be collected from the organizations that are yet to implement this method. The collected data will be sampled according to the reviews received. The secondary data will be collected from the online sources available on these organizations and cloud network provider. Data analysis method: Data from the completed survey will be entered into a database for analysis. Those data will be analyzed by maintaining an excel report and will be compared analyzing data of other organizations and the network provider. Then further research will be done on the basis of that. Research will be conducted on the collected secondary data and will be verified from other sources. The purpose of analyzing the data is to obtain the result about views of employees and employers on use of big data in cloud technology. Conclusions After summarizing the research proposal, it can be stated that, implementing big data technology in cloud networking can be very useful for all the organizations that requires volumes of data for their business operations. But first of all the organizations have to mitigate the issues that are related to big data involved in cloud computing. The data collection and analyzing process discussed here would also help the researcher to resolve the business issue regarding this method. The estimated time required to complete the research has also been provided which will help in further progress of the research. Time Horizon Major Stages or activities Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Topic Selection Primary Data collection Creating layout Literature review Research Plan Formation Appropriate Research Technique Selection Analysis and Interpretation of Data Collection method Data Findings Conclusion of the Study Rough Draft Formation Final Project Submission Future Scope With the increase use of big data and cloud computing, combination of both these technology can be very useful if all the problem issues are eliminated. To make the effective use of big data technology, the most important necessity is to improve the data security within cloud computing network. The cloud service provider should ensure they have strong network security to prevent any shorts of unauthorized access in the data of any users. They need to have strong disaster management system to protect or backup the data in case if any issues. For this, they need to have 24*7 support system for all the users. The data transfer should be made fast and reliable for avoiding any kind of troubles. With advancement in big data technology, more amounts of data are being accessed at real time and the forthcoming threats are being protected by accessing the past issues of a user. Adding this usefulness with low costing cloud networks can benefit all the organizations as well as the cloud servic e providers. In the upcoming years, most of the organizations might choose the path of implementing big data with cloud computing and this can change the way an organization works and further make their business process a lot easier. 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Big data and its technical challenges.Communications of the ACM,57(7), pp.86-94. John Walker, S., 2014. Big data: A revolution that will transform how we live, work, and think. Khoshkholghi, M.A., Abdullah, A., Latip, R., Subramaniam, S. and Othman, M., 2014. Disaster recovery in cloud computing: A survey.Computer and Information Science,7(4), p.39. Li, F., Ooi, B.C., zsu, M.T. and Wu, S., 2014. Distributed data management using MapReduce.ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR),46(3), p.31. Peng, Z., Xu, B., Gates, A.M., Cui, D. and Lin, W., 2015. The feasibility and properties of dividing virtual machine resources using the virtual machine cluster as the unit in cloud computing.KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS),9(7), pp.2649-2666. Rittinghouse, J.W. and Ransome, J.F., 2016.Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press. Yigit, M., Gungor, V.C. and Baktir, S., 2014. Cloud computing for smart grid applications.Computer Networks,70, pp.312-329. 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Springer International Publishing. Lu, R., Zhu, H., Liu, X., Liu, J.K. and Shao, J., 2014. Toward efficient and privacy-preserving computing in big data era.IEEE Network,28(4), pp.46-50. Jin, X., Wah, B.W., Cheng, X. and Wang, Y., 2015. Significance and challenges of big data research.Big Data Research,2(2), pp.59-64. Fernndez, A., del Ro, S., Lpez, V., Bawakid, A., del Jesus, M.J., Bentez, J.M. and Herrera, F., 2014. Big Data with Cloud Computing: an insight on the computing environment, MapReduce, and programming frameworks.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery,4(5), pp.380-409.